X-ray Reflection spectroscopy#

The geometrical configuration, models avaliable and an example of analyzing data.

Contact: honghui.liu<at>uni-tuebingen.de

Material#

  • First broad iron line calculated for accreting black holes: Fabian et al, 1989, MNRAS, 238, 729 link

  • First broad iron line detected: Tanaka et al, 1995, Nature, 375, 659 link

  • X-ray reflection spectroscopy for black hole spins: Reynolds 2014, SSRv, 183, 277 link; Bambi et al. 2021, SSRv, 217, 65B link;

The disk-corona system#

My plot

Figure 1. The disk-corona system and the parameters required to calculate the full reflection spectrum.

It is necessary to know how the incident radiation is distributed on the disk. Or equivalently, the intensity of the incident radiation as a function of disk radius (the emissivity profile). In principle, this distribution can be self-consistently calculated if the disk-corona geometry is known (e.g. if the corona is a point source above a black hole with spin \(a_{*}\) at height \(h\)). Here the corona is the X-ray source illuminating the accretion disk (the source that emits the power-law radiation to the accretion disk). In practice, a phenomenological emissivity profile in the form of broken power-law is commenly used to fit the reflection spectra. Please distinguish the power-law emission from the corona and the power-law-like emissivity profile! Power-law is just a kind of function that has format: \(f(x)=ax^{-k}\).

Then, the disk geometry and its physical properties (inclination, inner and outer radius, density, temperature, ionization, element abundances) are also key ingredients. The inclination of the inner disk, together with the inner radius, will affect the strength of Doppler shifting on the photons emitted from the disk. The inner radius of the disk is also important, because there the gravitational redshift of the photons is the strongest.

The last component is the spacetime. The photons emitted in the vicinity of black holes will inevitably affected by the strong gravity field. This must be taken into account when modeling the reflected spectra from the inner accretion disk. It is also for this reason that the relativistic reflection spectrum can be used to probe the strong gravity field (e.g., measure the black hole spin) and to test gravity theory. For a Kerr black hole, the spacetime metric can be fully described by three parameters: black hole mass (\(M\)), black hole spin (\(a_{*}\)) and electric charge (\(Q\)). The influence of electric charge on the reflection spectrum is negligible. The black hole mass is not needed in the calculation of reflection spectrum when measuring length scale in gravitational radius (\(r_g=GM/c^2\)). In the end, there is only one parameter, the black hole spin (\(a_*\)), left in the reflection model.

import xspec
xspec.AllModels.lmod("relxill", '/Users/honghui/projects/models/relxill')

model =  xspec.Model("relxill")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 1
----> 1 import xspec
      2 xspec.AllModels.lmod("relxill", '/Users/honghui/projects/models/relxill')
      4 model =  xspec.Model("relxill")

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'xspec'

Local reflection and relativistic effects#

My plot

Figure 2. (Left) The broadening of a 6.4 keV line by the accretion disk. (Right) The reflection spectrum in the rest-frame of the accretion disk (black) and the relativisticlly broadened observed spectrum (red).

Calculate the observed reflection spectrum with (1) the local reflection; (2) the emssivity profile and (3) the transfer function.

My plot

The X-ray reflection spectroscopy can be applied to both X-ray binary and active galactic nuclei systems.

Models available#

Broad line models#

  • relline: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/software/xspec/manual/node227.html

  • laor: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/software/xspec/manual/node195.html

  • kynrline: https://projects.asu.cas.cz/stronggravity/kyn#kynrline

Local reflection models#

  • xillver and its variations (e.g., xillverCp, xillverNS): https://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~dauser/research/relxill/.

    • The difference between these variations is the incident spectrum.

  • reflionx and its variations: https://github.com/honghui-liu/reflionx_tables.

  • DAO: https://github.com/ABHModels/DAO

Convolution models for relativistic effects#

  • relconv. To use the model in XSPEC:

    • relconv*xillver.

    • relconv*atable{reflionx_HD_nthcomp_v2_log.fits}

    • In this configuration, the whole disk has the same density, ionization parameter and emission angle.

  • KYNconv: https://projects.asu.cas.cz/stronggravity/kyn#kynconv

Full reflection model#

  • relxill: https://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~dauser/research/relxill/

    • Kerr spacetime with BH spins.

    • Other flavors: relxillcp, relxilllp, relxilllpcp, relxillNS, etc.

  • relxill_nk: https://github.com/ABHModels/relxill_nk

    • In this model, the spacetime geometry near the BH can be non-Kerr.

  • KYNSTOKES: https://projects.asu.cas.cz/dovciak/kynstokes

    • X-ray Relativistic reflection models with both spectral and polarimetric properties.

  • RELTRANS: https://reltransdocs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

    • X-ray Relativistic reflection models with both spectral and reverberation lag properties.

  • relfkerr: https://users.camk.edu.pl/mitsza/reflkerr/

Hands-on#

import os
#import bxa.xspec as bxa
from IPython.display import display, HTML, Image

import xspec

%load_ext wurlitzer
import IPython.display

os.environ['HEADASNOQUERY'] = ''
os.environ['HEADASPROMPT'] = '/dev/null'
## Define functions for easy control and plot

import seaborn as sns
colors = sns.color_palette()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
import numpy as np

import matplotlib_inline
matplotlib_inline.backend_inline.set_matplotlib_formats("svg")


def delete_head(infile, skip_head=3):
    import subprocess as sp

    comm = f"sed -i -e \"1,{skip_head}d\" {infile}"
    sp.check_call(comm, shell=True)
    
    return True

def rewrite_ipl(infile:str):
    """
    Rewrite the output file of iplot in XSPEC. Each data group will be stored in
    the file 'temp-N.txt' (N starts from 0).

    Parameters:
    -----------
    infile: str
        The filename of the input file
    
    Output:
    -------
    Total number of files
    """
    j = 0
    fw = open('temp-0.txt','w+')
    with open(infile,'r') as f:
        for i in f:
            if (i.split()[0]=='NO'):
                fw.close()
                j = j + 1
                outfile=f"temp-{j}.txt"
                fw = open(outfile,'w+')
            else:
                fw.write(i)           
        fw.close()
    delete_head('temp-0.txt', skip_head=3)
    return j+1

def plot_format(ax, chi=True):
    ax.set_xscale('log')
    ax.set_xlim(1.0,100.0)

    ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('both')
    #ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('both')
    #ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter())
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter())
    size=18
    ax.tick_params(axis='x',which='major', labelsize=size, 
                   direction='in', length=7, width=1.2)
    ax.tick_params(axis='x',which='minor', labelsize=size, 
                   direction='in', length=5, width=1.2)
    ax.tick_params(axis='y',which='major', labelsize=size, 
                   direction='in', length=7, width=1.2)
    ax.tick_params(axis='y',which='minor', labelsize=size, 
                   direction='in', length=5, width=1.2)

    ax.set_xlabel("Energy", fontsize=size+2)

def plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=1, naddmodel=2, delchi=False):
    save_data = 'specfit.qdp'
    if (os.path.isfile(save_data)):
        os.remove(save_data)
    
    xspec.Plot.commands = ()
    
    xspec.Plot.device = '/null'
    xspec.Plot.xAxis = "keV"
    xspec.Plot.add = True
    xspec.Plot.addCommand(f'wd {save_data}')

    if delchi:
        xspec.Plot("eeuf de") 
        hline = 0.0
        yl = "DelChi"
    else:
        xspec.Plot("eeuf ra") 
        hline= 1.0
        yl = "Data/Model"

    plt.close("all")
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8)) 
    gs = matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[5, 2],hspace=0.0)
    ax = [None]*2

    i = 0
    for i in range(2):
        ax[i] = plt.subplot(gs[i])
        #ax[1] = plt.subplot(gs[1])

    rewrite_ipl(save_data)

    i = 0
    for i in range(nspec):
        infile = f"temp-{i}.txt"
        data = np.genfromtxt(infile, unpack=True, skip_header=0)
         
        
        ax[0].errorbar(x=data[0], y=data[2], xerr=data[1], yerr=data[3], 
                       lw = 1.0, ls='None', color=colors[i], fmt='o', ms=5.0) 

        ax[0].plot(data[0], data[4], ls='-',lw=1.0, color=colors[i], label="Total")

        for j in range(naddmodel):
            ax[0].plot(data[0], data[5+j], ls='--',lw=1.0, color=colors[i])
        
        ax[0].set_yscale('log')

        infile = f"temp-{i+nspec}.txt"
        data = np.genfromtxt(infile, unpack=True, skip_header=0)
        ax[1].errorbar(x=data[0], y=data[2], xerr=data[1], yerr=data[3], 
                       lw = 1.0, ls='None', color=colors[i], fmt='o', ms=5.0) 
        
    plot_format(ax[0])
    ax[0].tick_params(axis='x',which='major', labelsize=0)
    ax[0].tick_params(axis='x',which='minor', labelsize=0)
    ax[0].set_ylabel(r'keV$^2$ (phs cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ keV$^{-1}$)', fontsize=18)
    
    ax[1].set_ylabel(yl, fontsize=18)
    ax[1].axhline(y=hline, color='grey', ls='--', lw=1.5)
    plot_format(ax[1])

    return ax


def plot_ldat(nspec=1):
    save_data = 'specfit.qdp'
    if (os.path.isfile(save_data)):
        os.remove(save_data)
    
    xspec.Plot.commands = ()
    
    xspec.Plot.device = '/null'
    xspec.Plot.xAxis = "keV"
    xspec.Plot.add = True
    xspec.Plot.addCommand(f'wd {save_data}')

    xspec.Plot.area = True ## devided by effetive area
    xspec.Plot.setRebin(minSig=50, maxBins=10)
    xspec.Plot("ld") 

    plt.close("all")
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,6))

    rewrite_ipl(save_data)
    
    for i in range(nspec):
        infile = f"temp-{i}.txt"
        data = np.genfromtxt(infile, unpack=True, skip_header=0)
         
        x = data[0]
        y = data[2]
        xerr = data[1].T  
        yerr = data[3].T

        ax.errorbar(x=x, y=y, xerr=xerr, yerr=yerr, lw = 1.0, ls='None',
                               color=colors[i], fmt='o', ms=5.0)  
        
        ax.set_yscale('log')
        ax.set_ylabel("Counts/s/keV/cm^2", fontsize=18)
        plot_format(ax)

# get_free: Get list of free parameters (corrected version)
def get_free():
    """
    Return and print a list of free parameter indices.
    """
    lis = []
    try:
        # Try to access the first model to check if any model is defined
        model = xspec.AllModels(1)
        nopar = model.nParameters  # Number of parameters in the first model
    except IndexError:
        raise ValueError("No model defined. Please define a model first (e.g., AllModels += 'pow').")

    # Iterate over parameters in the first model
    for j in range(1, nopar + 1):
        param = model(j)  # Access parameter by index
        if not param.frozen:  # Check if thawed
            if param.link=='': #Check if it is linked
                lis.append(j)
    print(lis)
    return lis


def error_free():
    # Save initial chi-square
    chi1 = xspec.Fit.statistic
    #xspec.Fit.query = "yes"
    xspec.Xset.parallel.error = 5
    lis = get_free()
    delchi = 2.706 
    # Save the current best-fit parameter values
    #best1 = get_best()
    for j in lis:
        xspec.Fit.error(f"stopat 20 0.01 maximum 100.0 {delchi},,{j}")
    chi2 = xspec.Fit.statistic
    #best2 = get_best()

    # Compare old and new best-fit values
    #print_old_new(best1, best2)

    print(f">>>Old chi^2: {chi1}")
    print(f">>>New chi^2: {chi2}")

    return chi1, chi2

Load data#

From FPMA and FPMB

os.chdir("../data/")
xspec.AllData("1:1 fpma_optmin20.pha 2:2 fpmb_optmin20.pha")

os.chdir("../notebooks/")
Warning: RMF DETNAM keyword (DET0) is not consistent with that in spectrum (NONE)
Warning: RMF DETNAM keyword (DET0) is not consistent with that in spectrum (NONE)

2 spectra  in use
 
Spectral Data File: fpma_optmin20.pha  Spectrum 1
Net count rate (cts/s) for Spectrum:1  2.769e+02 +/- 1.183e-01 (99.8 % total)
 Assigned to Data Group 1 and Plot Group 1
  Noticed Channels:  1-378
  Telescope: NuSTAR Instrument: FPMA  Channel Type: PI
  Exposure Time: 1.986e+04 sec
 Using fit statistic: chi
 Using Background File                nu30101022002A01_bk.pha
  Background Exposure Time: 1.986e+04 sec
 Using Response (RMF) File            nu30101022002A01_sr.rmf for Source 1
 Using Auxiliary Response (ARF) File  nu30101022002A01_sr.arf

Spectral Data File: fpmb_optmin20.pha  Spectrum 2
Net count rate (cts/s) for Spectrum:2  2.538e+02 +/- 1.115e-01 (99.7 % total)
 Assigned to Data Group 2 and Plot Group 2
  Noticed Channels:  1-370
  Telescope: NuSTAR Instrument: FPMB  Channel Type: PI
  Exposure Time: 2.05e+04 sec
 Using fit statistic: chi
 Using Background File                nu30101022002B01_bk.pha
  Background Exposure Time: 2.05e+04 sec
 Using Response (RMF) File            nu30101022002B01_sr.rmf for Source 1
 Using Auxiliary Response (ARF) File  nu30101022002B01_sr.arf


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              1.066819e+10     using 378 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.

***Warning: Chi-square may not be valid due to bins with zero variance
            in spectrum number: 1
                 Chi-Squared              1.072276e+10     using 370 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.

***Warning: Chi-square may not be valid due to bins with zero variance
            in spectrum number: 2
Total fit statistic                       2.139095e+10     with 741 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              2.139095e+10     using 748 bins.

***Warning: Chi-square may not be valid due to bins with zero variance
            in spectrum number(s): 1 2 

 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 741 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Ingore uneffective energy ranges#

xspec.AllData.ignore("*: **-3.0 79.0-**")
    10 channels (1-10) ignored in spectrum #     1
    10 channels (1-10) ignored in spectrum #     2
    97 channels (282-378) ignored in spectrum #     1
    87 channels (284-370) ignored in spectrum #     2

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              1.008206e+10     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              1.002355e+10     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       2.010561e+10     with 537 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              2.010561e+10     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 537 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

View the data#

## Plot to see the raw data

plot_ldat(nspec=2)
Plot command list is now empty
***Warning: Fit is not current.
../_images/85a1132a8bfc34814f2087991eaba0ac45c23c5417ab85993bbc5d80bbebe13f.svg

Load a simple continuum model#

model = xspec.Model("const*tbabs*(diskbb+cutoffpl)")
========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   4    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      15.0000      +/-  0.0          
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
                           Data group: 2
   8    1   constant   factor              1.00000      = p1
   9    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    1.00000      = p2
  10    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      = p3
  11    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      = p4
  12    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.00000      = p5
  13    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      15.0000      = p6
  14    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      = p7
________________________________________________________________________

tbvabs Version 2.3
Cosmic absorption with grains and H2, modified from
Wilms, Allen, & McCray, 2000, ApJ 542, 914-924
Questions: Joern Wilms
joern.wilms@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de
joern.wilms@fau.de

http://pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/wilms/research/tbabs/

PLEASE NOTICE:
To get the model described by the above paper
you will also have to set the abundances:
   abund wilm

Note that this routine ignores the current cross section setting
as it always HAS to use the Verner cross sections as a baseline.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                389010.7     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                381493.4     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                         770504.1     with 537 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                770504.1     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.0e+00 with 537 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Perform a fit#

xspec.AllModels(1).setPars({1: "1.0 -0.1", 2:"0.6 -0.1"})
xspec.AllModels(2).setPars({1: "1.0 0.01"})

# perform a fit
xspec.Xset.abund = "wilm"

xspec.Fit.statMethod = 'chi'
xspec.Fit.query = 'yes'
xspec.Fit.statTest = 'chi'

xspec.Fit.renorm()
xspec.Fit.perform()
Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  343.68     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           681.96     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  681.96     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 1.09e-05 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                 4230.25     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                          4568.53     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                 4568.53     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.00e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
 Solar Abundance Vector set to wilm:  Wilms, J., Allen, A. & McCray, R. ApJ 542 914 (2000) (abundances are set to zero for those elements not included in the paper).

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                 4230.25     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                          4568.53     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                 4568.53     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.00e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
Default fit statistic is set to: Chi-Squared
   This will apply to all current and newly loaded spectra.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                 4230.25     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                          4568.53     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                 4568.53     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.00e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
Test statistic is set to: Chi-Squared

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                 4230.25     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                          4568.53     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                 4568.53     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.00e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                 1309.92     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                 1323.02     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                          2632.94     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                 2632.94     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 2.11e-274 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
686.763      5750.56      -3      0.560168       2607.66       2.49630       7.64878      0.800207       50.0655       1.91601       3.20841       4.49867       1000.00     0.0375962      0.971796
681.747      2739.12      -4      0.557243       2715.61       2.50627       7.21399      0.786422       49.2022       1.91562       3.20761       4.55888       1000.00     0.0365919      0.972122
681.678      207.542      -5      0.552980       2849.97       2.50618       7.11175      0.775938       48.7153       1.91527       3.21011       4.57569       1000.00     0.0361212      0.972123
681.67       226.412      -4      0.549968       2953.52       2.50788       6.98325      0.767686       48.3078       1.91527       3.21109       4.58744       1000.00     0.0357772      0.972125
681.663      330.995      -1      0.549958       2953.89       2.50798       6.98686      0.767155       48.3101       1.91528       3.21123       4.58851       1000.00     0.0357861      0.972130
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 2.3102E-09|  0.0472   0.0000   0.0441  -0.0004  -0.0128  -0.0002  -0.2270   0.0659  -0.0027  -0.0000   0.9666   0.0743  
 1.7782E-07| -0.4600  -0.0000   0.0426  -0.0001   0.0055   0.0001  -0.8497  -0.1749  -0.0118   0.0000  -0.1720   0.0647  
 3.7718E-07| -0.1839  -0.0000  -0.0189   0.0001  -0.0058   0.0001   0.0156  -0.0486   0.0031  -0.0000   0.0918  -0.9771  
 6.2109E-07|  0.8453   0.0000   0.0788   0.0004   0.0488  -0.0017  -0.4589   0.1012  -0.0152   0.0000  -0.1446  -0.1869  
 6.4119E-06| -0.1262  -0.0000   0.2591  -0.0194  -0.6116   0.0216  -0.0588   0.7293  -0.0235  -0.0000  -0.0757  -0.0220  
 1.0249E-05| -0.1471  -0.0000   0.2339   0.0141   0.7878  -0.0216  -0.0101   0.5473  -0.0398  -0.0000  -0.0319  -0.0120  
 3.0663E-04|  0.0155   0.0000   0.9199   0.0474  -0.0354  -0.0102   0.1094  -0.3470  -0.1325  -0.0002   0.0059  -0.0014  
 9.0077E-03| -0.0015   0.0000  -0.1425   0.0355  -0.0152  -0.0354   0.0047   0.0086  -0.9884  -0.0003   0.0041   0.0000  
 9.2616E-02|  0.0017   0.0003   0.0357  -0.9231   0.0305   0.3772   0.0065  -0.0236  -0.0524  -0.0006   0.0014   0.0000  
 1.9443E+00|  0.0005   0.0028  -0.0103   0.3792   0.0194   0.9249  -0.0009   0.0022  -0.0183  -0.0041   0.0007   0.0000  
 3.9566E+05|  0.0000  -0.7458   0.0001   0.0013   0.0001   0.0047   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0004   0.6662   0.0000  -0.0000  
 6.8964E+05| -0.0000   0.6662   0.0001   0.0003   0.0000   0.0012   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0003   0.7458   0.0000   0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   4.946e-04  -1.578e+01  -8.494e-04   4.232e-03   3.441e-04   1.335e-02  -2.173e-04   1.927e-04   1.879e-03  -7.561e+00  -3.079e-05  -2.956e-07
  -1.578e+01   5.261e+05   1.728e+01  -2.443e+02  -1.929e+01  -8.373e+02   3.964e+00  -1.196e+00  -1.721e+01   1.461e+05   7.382e-02   9.703e-03
  -8.494e-04   1.728e+01   6.990e-03   3.817e-02   3.495e-03   1.729e-01   1.878e-03  -3.017e-03  -2.260e-02   5.896e+01   4.926e-04  -1.760e-07
   4.232e-03  -2.443e+02   3.817e-02   1.043e+00   6.486e-02   3.224e+00   1.387e-02  -2.348e-02  -2.370e-01   4.763e+02   5.386e-03  -1.989e-06
   3.441e-04  -1.929e+01   3.495e-03   6.486e-02   4.961e-03   2.359e-01   1.149e-03  -2.079e-03  -1.833e-02   3.681e+01   4.170e-04  -1.629e-07
   1.335e-02  -8.373e+02   1.729e-01   3.224e+00   2.359e-01   1.137e+01   5.706e-02  -1.008e-01  -9.088e-01   1.850e+03   2.045e-02  -6.765e-06
  -2.173e-04   3.964e+00   1.878e-03   1.387e-02   1.149e-03   5.706e-02   5.406e-04  -8.572e-04  -7.156e-03   1.722e+01   1.503e-04   8.816e-08
   1.927e-04  -1.196e+00  -3.017e-03  -2.348e-02  -2.079e-03  -1.008e-01  -8.572e-04   1.445e-03   1.142e-02  -2.667e+01  -2.457e-04  -6.412e-08
   1.879e-03  -1.721e+01  -2.260e-02  -2.370e-01  -1.833e-02  -9.088e-01  -7.156e-03   1.142e-02   1.075e-01  -2.293e+02  -2.153e-03  -8.997e-07
  -7.561e+00   1.461e+05   5.896e+01   4.763e+02   3.681e+01   1.850e+03   1.722e+01  -2.667e+01  -2.293e+02   5.592e+05   4.832e+00   3.152e-03
  -3.079e-05   7.382e-02   4.926e-04   5.386e-03   4.170e-04   2.045e-02   1.503e-04  -2.457e-04  -2.153e-03   4.832e+00   4.594e-05   5.743e-09
  -2.956e-07   9.703e-03  -1.760e-07  -1.989e-06  -1.629e-07  -6.765e-06   8.816e-08  -6.412e-08  -8.997e-07   3.152e-03   5.743e-09   3.879e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.549958     +/-  2.22387E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                2953.89      +/-  725.346      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91528      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.00      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.50798      +/-  8.36083E-02  
   8    5   relxill    Index1              6.98686      +/-  1.02125      
   9    5   relxill    Index2              6.98686      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.767155     +/-  7.04344E-02  
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      48.3101      +/-  3.37235      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.91528      +/-  2.32507E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.21123      +/-  3.80088E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 4.58851      +/-  0.327874     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.00      +/-  747.769      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                3.57861E-02  +/-  6.77775E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972130     +/-  6.22847E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.549958     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                2953.89      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91528      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.00      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.50798      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              6.98686      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              6.98686      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.767155     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      48.3101      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.91528      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.21123      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 4.58851      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.00      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                3.57861E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  337.83     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  343.83     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           681.66     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  681.66     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 1.13e-05 with 532 degrees of freedom

View the residuals#

ax = plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=2, naddmodel=2, delchi=False)

ax[0].set_ylim(1e-1)
Plot command list is now empty
(0.1, 43.792224447732075)
../_images/da988c0aa54697af1746439fe441eb2500ae04615e4908e80f26211868b7c145.svg

In the plot above, we can see that when fitting the data without a reflection model, there are large residuals around the iron line region (6-7 keV) and the Compton hump region (20-30 keV). To resolve these residuals, we should include a full reflection model (see below).

Load the RELXILL package#

# Load RELXILL model package

xspec.AllModels.lmod("relxill", '/Users/honghui/projects/models/relxill')
Model package relxill successfully loaded.
model2 = xspec.Model("const*tbabs*(diskbb+cutoffpl+relxill)")
========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   4    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      15.0000      +/-  0.0          
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   8    5   relxill    Index1              3.00000      frozen
   9    5   relxill    Index2              3.00000      frozen
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.998000     +/-  0.0          
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.0000      +/-  0.0          
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               2.00000      +/-  0.0          
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.10000      +/-  0.0          
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 1.00000      +/-  0.0          
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      300.000      frozen
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           3.00000      +/-  0.0          
  21    5   relxill    norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              1.00000      = p1
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    1.00000      = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.00000      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      15.0000      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              3.00000      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              3.00000      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.998000     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.0000      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               2.00000      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.10000      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 1.00000      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      300.000      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           3.00000      = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                1.00000      = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              1.016496e+10     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              1.011168e+10     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       2.027664e+10     with 530 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              2.027664e+10     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 530 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
xspec.AllModels(1).setPars({1: "1.0 -0.1", 2:"0.6 -0.1"})
xspec.AllModels(2).setPars({1: "1.0 0.01"})

xspec.AllModels(1).setPars({5: "=p16", 6:"=19", 9:"=p8"})
xspec.AllModels(1).setPars({8: "3.0 0.01", 19:"300.0 0.1", 20:"-1.0 -0.1"})
Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              1.032585e+10     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              1.026953e+10     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       2.059537e+10     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              2.059537e+10     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              1.032585e+10     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              1.026953e+10     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       2.059537e+10     with 531 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              2.059537e+10     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 531 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              9.951712e+09     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              9.897553e+09     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       1.984926e+10     with 533 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              1.984926e+10     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 533 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.

Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared              3.903736e+08     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared              3.901063e+08     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                       7.804799e+08     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared              7.804799e+08     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.000000e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
xspec.AllModels.show()
Parameters defined:
========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   4    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            2.00000      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      300.000      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
   8    5   relxill    Index1              3.00000      +/-  0.0          
   9    5   relxill    Index2              3.00000      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.998000     +/-  0.0          
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.0000      +/-  0.0          
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               2.00000      +/-  0.0          
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.10000      +/-  0.0          
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 1.00000      +/-  0.0          
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      300.000      +/-  0.0          
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                1.00000      +/-  0.0          
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              1.00000      +/-  0.0          
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      1.00000      = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                1.00000      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            2.00000      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      300.000      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                1.00000      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              3.00000      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              3.00000      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.998000     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.0000      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               2.00000      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.10000      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 1.00000      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      300.000      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                1.00000      = p21
________________________________________________________________________

Perform a reflection fitting#

xspec.Fit.renorm()
xspec.Fit.perform()
Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                55529.85     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                47949.58     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                         103479.4     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                103479.4     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 0.0e+00 with 532 degrees of freedom
 Current data and model not fit yet.
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
100199       27495.5       1       1.74044      0.592688      0.100600       3.00116      0.998000       30.0180       2.00008       3.10021      0.998716       300.079      0.100125      0.999855
95087.1      59928.9       0       1.82179      0.743443      0.103002       3.01500      0.998000       30.2700       2.00118       3.10173      0.988915       303.487      0.100063      0.997987
66673.2      60801.7       0       2.19333       1.58105      0.122718       3.10578      0.998000       32.3575       2.00745       3.11272      0.929116       357.204     0.0996281      0.986695
34879.9      153370       -1       2.30463       2.47087      0.217027       3.25213      0.998000       39.1647       2.01640       3.15826      0.791231       761.959     0.0986573      0.973348
26749.7      177021        0       2.28580       2.42519      0.220750       3.27480      0.998000       39.7586       2.01616       3.15997      0.783623       952.765     0.0985112      0.971965
25975.8      10339.7       0       2.27753       2.43427      0.231466       3.27689      0.998000       40.0920       2.01461       3.16383      0.774641       989.051     0.0985884      0.972315
25569.6      44506.6       0       2.26673       2.43258      0.239995       3.28073      0.998000       40.4616       2.01339       3.16717      0.769645       998.158     0.0986183      0.972281
25156.9      60833         0       2.25451       2.42452      0.247408       3.28545      0.998000       40.8411       2.01228       3.17016      0.766382       999.120     0.0986258      0.972132
24657.4      67010.7       0       2.24158       2.41332      0.254295       3.29036      0.998000       41.2344       2.01117       3.17294      0.763835       999.641     0.0986254      0.971989
24145.1      67944         0       2.22830       2.40096      0.260872       3.29515      0.998000       41.5968       2.01003       3.17558      0.761759       999.911     0.0986221      0.971879
23718.2      66415.3       0       2.21493       2.38884      0.267236       3.29965      0.998000       41.9095       2.00886       3.17814      0.760083       999.980     0.0986175      0.971802
23293.8      66896.8       0       2.20145       2.37695      0.273367       3.30410      0.998000       42.2143       2.00768       3.18062      0.758781       999.997     0.0986104      0.971742
22889.5      66716         0       2.18795       2.36568      0.279315       3.30846      0.998000       42.5153       2.00647       3.18303      0.757789       999.999     0.0986019      0.971699
22495.7      66655.8       0       2.17442       2.35509      0.285076       3.31282      0.998000       42.8112       2.00524       3.18537      0.757081       1000.00     0.0985917      0.971665
22115.8      66347         0       2.16088       2.34533      0.290652       3.31720      0.998000       43.0955       2.00399       3.18765      0.756653       1000.00     0.0985796      0.971636
21770.2      65791.5       0       2.14738       2.33662      0.296049       3.32160      0.998000       43.3655       2.00272       3.18988      0.756495       1000.00     0.0985654      0.971610
21436.7      65680.9       0       2.13393       2.32901      0.301277       3.32606      0.998000       43.6319       2.00143       3.19206      0.756571       1000.00     0.0985492      0.971585
21122.8      65543         0       2.12053       2.32255      0.306333       3.33061      0.998000       43.8906       2.00012       3.19419      0.756877       1000.00     0.0985309      0.971561
20600.9      65803.8       0       2.10716       2.31714      0.311207       3.33530      0.998000       44.1428       1.99879       3.19627      0.757420       1000.00     0.0985099      0.971534
20230.2      55575.2       0       2.09500       2.31931      0.316400       3.33898      0.998000       44.3781       1.99742       3.19847      0.757930       1000.00     0.0985002      0.971586
19912.6      52227.3       0       2.08344       2.32585      0.321585       3.34241      0.998000       44.6047       1.99607       3.20071      0.758722       1000.00     0.0984925      0.971638
19614.5      51188.8       0       2.07224       2.33522      0.326667       3.34583      0.998000       44.8291       1.99475       3.20294      0.759808       1000.00     0.0984843      0.971673
19329.3      50503.8       0       2.06132       2.34689      0.331648       3.34931      0.998000       45.0540       1.99344       3.20514      0.761106       1000.00     0.0984756      0.971697
19057.7      49986.1       0       2.05062       2.36046      0.336510       3.35291      0.998000       45.2734       1.99215       3.20731      0.762589       1000.00     0.0984659      0.971710
18788.9      49801.2       0       2.04009       2.37556      0.341231       3.35667      0.998000       45.4837       1.99087       3.20944      0.764262       1000.00     0.0984544      0.971711
18541.7      48908.8       0       2.02981       2.39254      0.345850       3.36053      0.998000       45.6843       1.98959       3.21153      0.766059       1000.00     0.0984421      0.971709
18308.7      48451.9       0       2.01973       2.41120      0.350359       3.36449      0.998000       45.8778       1.98832       3.21358      0.767972       1000.00     0.0984288      0.971704
16108.6      53006.8      -1       1.91905       2.54003      0.387911       3.42522      0.998000       47.6450       1.97672       3.23062      0.783098       1000.00     0.0981179      0.971467
11882.7      13182.8      -2       1.45666       4.29877      0.622409       3.69472      0.998000       53.5643       1.93298       3.29899      0.878110       1000.00     0.0958211      0.971582
10252.1      5540.5       -1       1.45605       7.22509      0.636152       3.74083      0.998000       54.2820       1.92984       3.30174      0.922919       1000.00     0.0954821      0.971523
9746.6       2973.56      -1       1.43307       9.21337      0.649973       3.78797      0.998000       54.9556       1.92229       3.30312      0.935069       1000.00     0.0951597      0.971507
9307.66      909.111      -1       1.41593       11.2211      0.662910       3.82751      0.998000       55.6208       1.91540       3.30408      0.941392       1000.00     0.0948461      0.971527
9264.45      855.925      -2       1.29343       21.7164      0.766017       3.94203      0.998000       58.6066       1.89180       3.29845      0.932441       1000.00     0.0927556      0.971644
7029.07      77769.6      -2       1.25753       33.1717      0.851843       3.90892      0.998000       60.3175       1.88436       3.28657      0.903046       1000.00     0.0911384      0.971795
6613.3       17299.2      -3       1.09759       48.2793       1.50497       4.19803      0.998000       61.9731       1.92594       3.20036       1.01654       1000.00     0.0832335      0.971879
4869.98      28650.1      -2       1.04175       66.5281       1.57949       4.62935      0.998000       61.1392       1.91274       3.21330       2.00145       1000.00     0.0827776      0.972002
4468.5       6826.69      -2      0.960872       84.6690       1.65601       4.78658      0.998000       60.6784       1.91310       3.22786       2.50165       1000.00     0.0817143      0.971975
4306.16      5977.01      -2      0.867717       122.449       1.72397       4.84686      0.998000       60.2654       1.91521       3.23337       2.78530       1000.00     0.0802421      0.971969
4015.66      16408.2      -1      0.864452       140.061       1.73016       4.85112      0.998000       60.2179       1.91538       3.23313       2.80880       1000.00     0.0800588      0.971974
4009.14      137.059      -2      0.773333       213.879       1.79326       4.85312      0.998000       59.6832       1.91811       3.23340       3.01894       1000.00     0.0784361      0.971989
3604.25      19572.4      -1      0.772175       253.188       1.79912       4.85165      0.998000       59.6094       1.91829       3.23269       3.03579       1000.00     0.0782397      0.972012
3557.27      483.161      -1      0.763909       274.408       1.80482       4.84146      0.998000       59.5661       1.91833       3.23132       3.04835       1000.00     0.0780259      0.971977
3514.57      175.109      -1      0.755528       294.998       1.81074       4.83059      0.998000       59.5024       1.91852       3.23029       3.06223       1000.00     0.0778231      0.971986
3473.19      202.914      -1      0.747231       316.036       1.81676       4.82087      0.998000       59.4252       1.91881       3.22947       3.07704       1000.00     0.0776235      0.971997
3432.66      204.276      -1      0.739049       337.954       1.82284       4.81212      0.998000       59.3396       1.91916       3.22878       3.09228       1000.00     0.0774249      0.972006
3392.53      335.564      -1      0.730985       361.031       1.82894       4.80408      0.998000       59.2494       1.91955       3.22815       3.10772       1000.00     0.0772251      0.972013
3352.81      263.356      -1      0.723054       385.497       1.83507       4.79619      0.998000       59.1564       1.91996       3.22758       3.12308       1000.00     0.0770241      0.972020
3313.43      320.701      -1      0.715257       411.523       1.84122       4.78857      0.998000       59.0622       1.92037       3.22702       3.13834       1000.00     0.0768206      0.972025
3274.24      406.82       -1      0.707597       439.244       1.84736       4.78107      0.998000       58.9661       1.92079       3.22647       3.15361       1000.00     0.0766140      0.972030
3235.64      192.558      -1      0.700091       468.818       1.85354       4.77327      0.998000       58.8694       1.92120       3.22594       3.16864       1000.00     0.0764065      0.972036
3197.51      268.575      -1      0.692726       500.321       1.85970       4.76553      0.998000       58.7714       1.92162       3.22541       3.18363       1000.00     0.0761958      0.972041
3159.87      368.614      -1      0.685509       533.880       1.86586       4.75793      0.998000       58.6738       1.92202       3.22487       3.19854       1000.00     0.0759822      0.972045
3122.76      299.756      -1      0.678449       569.620       1.87204       4.75035      0.998000       58.5771       1.92242       3.22435       3.21328       1000.00     0.0757673      0.972051
3086.06      391.476      -1      0.671541       607.622       1.87822       4.74299      0.998000       58.4817       1.92281       3.22382       3.22797       1000.00     0.0755504      0.972056
3049.77      381.329      -1      0.664787       647.985       1.88440       4.73565      0.998000       58.3865       1.92319       3.22330       3.24265       1000.00     0.0753321      0.972062
3048.48      375.434      -2      0.604135       1006.68       1.94497       4.72241      0.998000       57.6799       1.92586       3.22247       3.41477       1000.00     0.0733091      0.972103
2969.66      15382.6      -2      0.554349       1763.08       2.00191       4.67424      0.998000       56.9961       1.92788       3.21858       3.55429       1000.00     0.0711651      0.972170
2593.84      20252.5      -2      0.518372       3051.22       2.05638       4.61127      0.998000       56.2241       1.92970       3.21494       3.68594       1000.00     0.0689047      0.972220
2238.15      16263.8      -2      0.493240       4828.76       2.10835       4.53690      0.998000       55.4186       1.93124       3.21147       3.80661       1000.00     0.0665563      0.972246
2000.94      11038.4      -2      0.475066       6905.86       2.15791       4.45484      0.998000       54.5790       1.93248       3.20837       3.91960       1000.00     0.0641864      0.972262
1835.28      7009.33      -2      0.461546       9102.73       2.20445       4.35396      0.998000       53.6498       1.93348       3.20547       4.01846       1000.00     0.0617042      0.972268
1716.22      3011.74      -2      0.451423       11266.0       2.24812       4.25346      0.998000       52.7137       1.93419       3.20270       4.11172       1000.00     0.0592149      0.972276
1611.77      2490.54      -2      0.443893       13266.6       2.28889       4.14616      0.998000       51.7161       1.93465       3.20034       4.19733       1000.00     0.0567188      0.972281
1558.49      1632.85      -3      0.421165       19599.3       2.47886       3.72593      0.998000       47.6834       1.93104       3.20109       4.72003       1000.00     0.0441024      0.972276
1127.19      27361        -3      0.438826       15579.8       2.53376       3.26496      0.998000       42.8941       1.92482       3.20851       4.89504       1000.00     0.0360668      0.972261
934.004      21129.6      -2      0.443570       14992.6       2.53665       3.16792      0.998000       40.8015       1.92400       3.20820       4.82002       1000.00     0.0347860      0.972224
896.975      1802.74      -2      0.448107       13889.6       2.53853       3.08513      0.998000       39.4713       1.92304       3.20976       4.77382       1000.00     0.0335226      0.972211
872.714      253.075      -2      0.453006       12775.5       2.53910       3.02726      0.998000       38.5586       1.92170       3.21231       4.75504       1000.00     0.0324403      0.972206
853.818      726.439      -2      0.457911       11747.8       2.53839       2.98295      0.998000       37.7786       1.92025       3.21538       4.75034       1000.00     0.0315331      0.972200
838.906      539.105      -2      0.462674       10838.7       2.53651       2.94700      0.998000       37.1219       1.91880       3.21851       4.74965       1000.00     0.0307674      0.972193
826.646      742.664      -2      0.467234       10045.3       2.53368       2.91505      0.998000       36.5444       1.91740       3.22168       4.74729       1000.00     0.0301009      0.972186
816.495      513.219      -2      0.471543       9357.14       2.53018       2.88840      0.998000       36.0384       1.91609       3.22478       4.74449       1000.00     0.0295374      0.972181
808.14       613.712      -2      0.475590       8761.97       2.52611       2.86340      0.998000       35.5276       1.91488       3.22776       4.73795       1000.00     0.0290320      0.972175
801.381      289.339      -2      0.479367       8246.21       2.52185       2.84332      0.998000       35.1303       1.91375       3.23053       4.73204       1000.00     0.0286146      0.972172
795.608      309.384      -2      0.482872       7800.42       2.51736       2.82409      0.998000       34.7164       1.91273       3.23315       4.72299       1000.00     0.0282354      0.972168
791.235      295.782      -2      0.486126       7412.15       2.51297       2.80816      0.998000       34.4236       1.91178       3.23556       4.71487       1000.00     0.0279262      0.972166
787.109      206.174      -2      0.489125       7074.96       2.50855       2.79276      0.998000       34.1325       1.91090       3.23789       4.70473       1000.00     0.0276423      0.972163
783.637      349.274      -2      0.491901       6779.58       2.50420       2.77809      0.998000       33.8306       1.91009       3.24013       4.69357       1000.00     0.0273820      0.972161
781.002      117.009      -2      0.494463       6519.73       2.50009       2.76618      0.998000       33.6014       1.90934       3.24213       4.68417       1000.00     0.0271660      0.972160
778.927      89.1477      -2      0.496811       6291.93       2.49618       2.75559      0.998000       33.3912       1.90868       3.24395       4.67482       1000.00     0.0269769      0.972159
776.755      66.4617      -2      0.498959       6092.10       2.49242       2.74517      0.998000       33.1649       1.90806       3.24570       4.66456       1000.00     0.0267953      0.972157
776.61       61.1541      -3      0.509676       5107.62       2.47033       2.69734      0.998000       32.1957       1.90480       3.25515       4.60828       1000.00     0.0259797      0.972154
770.314      4798.09      -4      0.520185       4421.73       2.45019       2.65082      0.998000       31.0568       1.90178       3.26431       4.55292       1000.00     0.0252060      0.972159
766.295      3530.42      -5      0.521616       4392.81       2.44918       2.64014      0.998000       30.5865       1.90128       3.26594       4.55168       1000.00     0.0249752      0.972158
766.279      2.50699      -6      0.521913       4375.81       2.44990       2.63873      0.998000       30.5174       1.90131       3.26575       4.55245       1000.00     0.0249473      0.972154
766.277      16.8319      -7      0.521946       4374.02       2.45024       2.63912      0.998000       30.5352       1.90136       3.26553       4.55265       1000.00     0.0249583      0.972154
766.266      6.75624       0      0.521946       4374.03       2.45023       2.63919      0.997671       30.5364       1.90136       3.26553       4.55261       999.282     0.0249580      0.972153
766.258      87.8721       0      0.521946       4374.08       2.45023       2.63931      0.997455       30.5393       1.90136       3.26552       4.55254       998.945     0.0249576      0.972152
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 1.1835E-09|  0.0360   0.0000   0.0323  -0.0041  -0.0020  -0.0001  -0.1626   0.0438  -0.0016  -0.0000   0.9831   0.0529  
 1.5573E-07| -0.4387  -0.0000   0.0573   0.0096   0.0047   0.0001  -0.8731  -0.1283  -0.0122   0.0000  -0.1295   0.0922  
 3.7423E-07|  0.2832   0.0000   0.0231   0.0107   0.0026   0.0000  -0.0365   0.0489  -0.0035   0.0000  -0.0706   0.9542  
 5.2563E-07|  0.8404   0.0000   0.0708   0.0384   0.0069  -0.0001  -0.4424   0.0672  -0.0128   0.0000  -0.0941  -0.2790  
 9.1691E-06| -0.1367  -0.0000   0.3649   0.0051   0.0396   0.0036  -0.0357   0.9168  -0.0397  -0.0000  -0.0526  -0.0208  
 1.7713E-04| -0.0296  -0.0000   0.0480   0.9923   0.0135  -0.0226   0.0335  -0.0318  -0.0956   0.0000   0.0104  -0.0002  
 2.3113E-04| -0.0103  -0.0000  -0.9131   0.0712  -0.0588   0.0097  -0.1087   0.3646   0.1131   0.0002  -0.0036   0.0018  
 1.0301E-02|  0.0008   0.0001  -0.1405  -0.0879   0.2735   0.0122   0.0030   0.0039  -0.9474  -0.0005   0.0036   0.0000  
 1.9415E-01|  0.0006  -0.0001  -0.0261   0.0225   0.8866   0.3788   0.0014  -0.0178   0.2625  -0.0001   0.0042  -0.0000  
 1.5353E+01| -0.0002   0.0032   0.0219   0.0154  -0.3659   0.9250   0.0015  -0.0009  -0.0984  -0.0086  -0.0011   0.0000  
 2.2074E+05| -0.0000  -0.3828   0.0003   0.0000  -0.0032   0.0085   0.0000  -0.0001  -0.0014   0.9238  -0.0000  -0.0000  
 1.1321E+06| -0.0000   0.9238   0.0000  -0.0000   0.0000   0.0004   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0001   0.3828   0.0000   0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   3.725e-04  -1.865e+01  -1.100e-03   1.683e-04   2.554e-03  -1.683e-02  -2.754e-04   4.213e-04   4.193e-03  -8.398e+00  -3.207e-05  -2.311e-07
  -1.865e+01   9.985e+05   1.946e+01  -1.538e+01   3.075e+02  -2.874e+02   9.097e+00  -1.487e+01  -3.537e+01   3.223e+05   2.551e+00   1.327e-02
  -1.100e-03   1.946e+01   2.747e-02   6.696e-03  -3.241e-01   8.586e-01   3.615e-03  -4.787e-03  -1.262e-01   7.561e+01  -6.839e-04  -7.125e-07
   1.683e-04  -1.538e+01   6.696e-03   4.401e-03  -1.067e-01   2.773e-01   4.923e-04  -4.623e-04  -2.948e-02   1.599e+00  -3.215e-04  -1.455e-07
   2.554e-03   3.075e+02  -3.241e-01  -1.067e-01   4.434e+00  -1.107e+01  -3.609e-02   4.171e-02   1.559e+00  -6.309e+02   1.134e-02   7.133e-06
  -1.683e-02  -2.874e+02   8.586e-01   2.773e-01  -1.107e+01   2.931e+01   1.032e-01  -1.314e-01  -4.043e+00   1.912e+03  -2.599e-02  -1.436e-05
  -2.754e-04   9.097e+00   3.615e-03   4.923e-04  -3.609e-02   1.032e-01   5.674e-04  -8.121e-04  -1.663e-02   1.352e+01  -5.077e-05   2.630e-08
   4.213e-04  -1.487e+01  -4.787e-03  -4.623e-04   4.171e-02  -1.314e-01  -8.121e-04   1.255e-03   2.120e-02  -1.998e+01   3.398e-05  -5.285e-08
   4.193e-03  -3.537e+01  -1.262e-01  -2.948e-02   1.559e+00  -4.043e+00  -1.663e-02   2.120e-02   6.180e-01  -3.453e+02   3.377e-03   1.466e-06
  -8.398e+00   3.223e+05   7.561e+01   1.599e+00  -6.309e+02   1.912e+03   1.352e+01  -1.998e+01  -3.453e+02   3.543e+05  -3.554e-01   1.647e-03
  -3.207e-05   2.551e+00  -6.839e-04  -3.215e-04   1.134e-02  -2.599e-02  -5.077e-05   3.398e-05   3.377e-03  -3.554e-01   3.549e-05   2.725e-08
  -2.311e-07   1.327e-02  -7.125e-07  -1.455e-07   7.133e-06  -1.436e-05   2.630e-08  -5.285e-08   1.466e-06   1.647e-03   2.725e-08   3.879e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.521946     +/-  1.93011E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                4374.08      +/-  999.262      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.90136      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      998.945      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.45023      +/-  0.165726     
   8    5   relxill    Index1              2.63931      +/-  6.63426E-02  
   9    5   relxill    Index2              2.63931      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.997455     +/-  2.10577      
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.5393      +/-  5.41400      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.90136      +/-  2.38197E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.26552      +/-  3.54213E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 4.55254      +/-  0.786124     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      998.945      +/-  595.216      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                2.49576E-02  +/-  5.95776E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972152     +/-  6.22835E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.521946     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                4374.08      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.90136      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      998.945      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.45023      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              2.63931      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              2.63931      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.997455     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.5393      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.90136      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.26552      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 4.55254      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      998.945      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                2.49576E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  381.34     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  384.91     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           766.26     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  766.26     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 1.04e-10 with 532 degrees of freedom

View the model and residuals#

ax = plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=2, naddmodel=3, delchi=False)

ax[0].set_ylim(1e-1, 30.0)
Plot command list is now empty
(0.1, 30.0)
../_images/89c5457723cdffbd023041b34ded8f5b12fc34a18c494e4bfad64fe39a95df94.svg
ax = plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=2, naddmodel=3, delchi=True)

ax[0].set_ylim(1e-1, 30.0)
Plot command list is now empty
(0.1, 30.0)
../_images/c687598edeba22c6a3820997714cd25173e2d45e280902fff1947999e2b4b041.svg
get_free()
[3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21]
[3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21]

Run error command#

## Run `error` for each parameter to obtain the uncertainties.

# error_free()

## The upper command takes too much time,
## Uncomment and run the error command above and plotting command below.

# xspec.Fit.error(f"stopat 20 0.01 maximum 100.0 2.706,,11")
 Parameter   Confidence Range (2.706)
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
757.043      24.8394      -3      0.548707       3377.71       2.36098       2.71777      0.929657       30.4739       1.87166       3.30541       5.04087       517.071     0.0210667      0.972144
755.976      488.237      -1      0.548895       3387.88       2.36036       2.71573      0.928876       30.4032       1.87169       3.30481       5.00555       520.160     0.0210577      0.972121
755.937      56.4814      -1      0.548922       3389.17       2.36024       2.71449      0.929581       30.3675       1.87164       3.30463       5.00798       520.955     0.0210544      0.972137
755.916      147.591      -2      0.549191       3384.80       2.35923       2.71438      0.929749       30.3450       1.87125       3.30455       5.02006       515.817     0.0210281      0.972142
755.728      359.863      -2      0.549570       3377.16       2.35782       2.71465      0.923185       30.3666       1.87105       3.30435       4.99280       512.328     0.0209924      0.972141
755.639      99.436       -1      0.549591       3375.83       2.35785       2.71483      0.923932       30.3609       1.87099       3.30444       5.00059       512.284     0.0209905      0.972148
755.637      185.763      -1      0.549610       3374.61       2.35787       2.71495      0.924735       30.3613       1.87094       3.30452       5.00414       511.648     0.0209880      0.972148
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 9.5442E-10|  0.0360   0.0000   0.0303  -0.0031  -0.0041  -0.0001  -0.1496   0.0329  -0.0008   0.0000   0.9859   0.0472  
 1.3527E-07| -0.3962  -0.0000   0.0737   0.0064   0.0159   0.0001  -0.8985  -0.0374  -0.0072   0.0000  -0.1281   0.1104  
 3.6514E-07|  0.4541   0.0000   0.0349   0.0154   0.0185  -0.0001  -0.0808   0.0639  -0.0033   0.0000  -0.0741   0.8808  
 4.7011E-07|  0.7869   0.0000   0.0688   0.0314   0.0368  -0.0002  -0.3901   0.0839  -0.0072   0.0000  -0.0707  -0.4576  
 1.2403E-05|  0.1207   0.0000  -0.4472   0.0005  -0.0477  -0.0035  -0.0562  -0.8822   0.0241   0.0001   0.0293   0.0179  
 1.6147E-04| -0.0360  -0.0000  -0.1739   0.9536   0.2227  -0.0225   0.0086   0.0699  -0.0622   0.0001   0.0094   0.0004  
 4.1349E-04| -0.0035  -0.0000  -0.8552  -0.1408  -0.1893   0.0235  -0.0914   0.4499   0.0407   0.0004  -0.0037   0.0009  
 3.8865E-03|  0.0176  -0.0000   0.1604   0.2619  -0.9006  -0.0014  -0.0090  -0.0214   0.3060   0.0011  -0.0089   0.0000  
 1.4880E-01| -0.0063  -0.0007  -0.0112  -0.0112   0.3120   0.1627  -0.0011   0.0130   0.9358   0.0027   0.0020  -0.0000  
 1.5878E+00|  0.0010   0.0009   0.0170   0.0273  -0.0433   0.9861   0.0023  -0.0144  -0.1563  -0.0057   0.0002   0.0000  
 1.2113E+04| -0.0000  -0.0990   0.0004  -0.0001  -0.0001   0.0052   0.0001  -0.0002  -0.0038   0.9951   0.0000  -0.0000  
 1.1778E+06| -0.0000   0.9951   0.0000  -0.0000   0.0002  -0.0002   0.0000   0.0000   0.0004   0.0990   0.0000  -0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   1.070e-03  -3.511e+01  -3.269e-04   7.128e-04  -8.914e-03   8.354e-03  -2.826e-04  -3.677e-04  -1.538e-02  -3.671e+00  -8.062e-05   8.598e-08
  -3.511e+01   1.166e+06   9.677e+00  -2.050e+01   2.826e+02  -2.691e+02   8.780e+00   1.238e+01   5.013e+02   1.148e+05   2.549e+00  -1.444e-03
  -3.269e-04   9.677e+00   2.864e-03   8.809e-05  -1.624e-04   4.897e-02   6.595e-04  -1.443e-03  -1.953e-02   5.771e+00   5.429e-05  -3.427e-07
   7.128e-04  -2.050e+01   8.809e-05   2.231e-03  -8.122e-03   3.827e-02  -2.333e-04  -5.539e-04  -1.034e-02  -3.751e+00  -6.187e-05   3.875e-07
  -8.914e-03   2.826e+02  -1.624e-04  -8.122e-03   8.918e-02  -1.296e-01   1.874e-03   4.799e-03   1.776e-01   2.701e+01   7.246e-04  -2.540e-06
   8.354e-03  -2.691e+02   4.897e-02   3.827e-02  -1.296e-01   1.937e+00   8.070e-03  -3.778e-02  -5.753e-01   3.677e+01   1.924e-04   5.993e-06
  -2.826e-04   8.780e+00   6.595e-04  -2.333e-04   1.874e-03   8.070e-03   2.083e-04  -2.296e-04  -1.689e-03   2.123e+00   2.955e-05  -1.830e-08
  -3.677e-04   1.238e+01  -1.443e-03  -5.539e-04   4.799e-03  -3.778e-02  -2.296e-04   1.074e-03   1.990e-02  -1.233e+00   8.351e-06  -1.664e-07
  -1.538e-02   5.013e+02  -1.953e-02  -1.034e-02   1.776e-01  -5.753e-01  -1.689e-03   1.990e-02   5.575e-01   3.406e+00   9.711e-04  -5.823e-06
  -3.671e+00   1.148e+05   5.771e+00  -3.751e+00   2.701e+01   3.677e+01   2.123e+00  -1.233e+00   3.406e+00   2.353e+04   3.444e-01  -4.222e-04
  -8.062e-05   2.549e+00   5.429e-05  -6.187e-05   7.246e-04   1.924e-04   2.955e-05   8.351e-06   9.711e-04   3.444e-01   7.259e-06  -2.059e-08
   8.598e-08  -1.444e-03  -3.427e-07   3.875e-07  -2.540e-06   5.993e-06  -1.830e-08  -1.664e-07  -5.823e-06  -4.222e-04  -2.059e-08   3.880e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.549610     +/-  3.27102E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                3374.61      +/-  1080.00      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.87094      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      511.648      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.35787      +/-  5.35186E-02  
   8    5   relxill    Index1              2.71495      +/-  4.72351E-02  
   9    5   relxill    Index2              2.71495      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.924735     +/-  0.298624     
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.3613      +/-  1.39189      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.87094      +/-  1.44321E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.30452      +/-  3.27661E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 5.00414      +/-  0.746629     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      511.648      +/-  153.393      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                2.09880E-02  +/-  2.69431E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972148     +/-  6.22876E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.549610     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                3374.61      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.87094      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      511.648      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.35787      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              2.71495      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              2.71495      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.924735     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      30.3613      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.87094      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.30452      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 5.00414      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      511.648      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                2.09880E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  375.85     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  379.79     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           755.64     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  755.64     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 5.36e-10 with 532 degrees of freedom
***Warning: New best fit found, fit parameters will be set to new values.
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
691.377      1.98791      -2      0.552462       3557.46       2.16752       5.15418      0.459109       38.5488       1.83855       3.37303       6.75622       359.988     0.0219034      0.972155
689.866      900.488      -3      0.553800       3454.78       2.16609       5.33984      0.494991       39.4342       1.83928       3.37233       6.77174       363.690     0.0224482      0.972147
689.378      392.882      -4      0.554862       3334.95       2.19671       5.42159      0.537457       40.3219       1.84565       3.35432       6.41563       382.773     0.0232685      0.972143
688.238      2220.47      -4      0.554116       3324.64       2.22538       5.45981      0.552069       40.6846       1.85051       3.33972       6.15944       397.753     0.0236907      0.972141
687.9        800.413      -4      0.552778       3349.26       2.24769       5.47245      0.559948       40.8873       1.85407       3.32900       5.98547       409.003     0.0239460      0.972140
687.78       367.081      -4      0.551508       3377.05       2.26608       5.48296      0.565836       41.0435       1.85701       3.32039       5.85453       418.595     0.0241624      0.972140
687.706      52.938       -3      0.551469       3375.92       2.26845       5.48904      0.567489       41.0798       1.85729       3.31917       5.83526       419.465     0.0241838      0.972140
687.688      94.7232      -3      0.551418       3375.61       2.27068       5.48915      0.568141       41.0963       1.85761       3.31804       5.81850       420.383     0.0242034      0.972140
687.671      96.5557      -3      0.551345       3376.10       2.27288       5.48970      0.568838       41.1136       1.85794       3.31695       5.80228       421.345     0.0242243      0.972140
687.656      92.3894      -3      0.551270       3376.50       2.27506       5.49102      0.569708       41.1343       1.85826       3.31587       5.78638       422.337     0.0242477      0.972140
687.647      111.946      -3      0.551190       3377.12       2.27724       5.49240      0.570547       41.1547       1.85859       3.31480       5.77054       423.338     0.0242709      0.972140
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 1.1564E-09|  0.0407   0.0000   0.0342  -0.0004  -0.0045  -0.0001  -0.1655   0.0358  -0.0004  -0.0000   0.9827   0.0521  
 1.3400E-07| -0.4183  -0.0000   0.0745  -0.0001   0.0024   0.0004  -0.8879  -0.0246  -0.0029   0.0000  -0.1394   0.1048  
 3.6732E-07| -0.4332  -0.0000  -0.0329  -0.0010  -0.0096   0.0003   0.0848  -0.0594   0.0018  -0.0000   0.0828  -0.8908  
 4.7202E-07|  0.7888   0.0000   0.0699   0.0023   0.0223  -0.0009  -0.4068   0.0865  -0.0044   0.0001  -0.0834  -0.4387  
 1.3059E-05| -0.1109  -0.0000   0.4552  -0.0140  -0.0860   0.0091   0.0689   0.8757  -0.0033  -0.0002  -0.0311  -0.0166  
 5.9886E-05| -0.0306  -0.0000   0.0378   0.0772   0.9904  -0.0640   0.0175   0.0744  -0.0287   0.0000   0.0047  -0.0002  
 4.9059E-04|  0.0136   0.0000   0.8796   0.0521  -0.0022  -0.0013   0.0799  -0.4609   0.0669  -0.0013  -0.0008  -0.0007  
 3.8312E-02| -0.0023  -0.0002  -0.0055   0.8102  -0.0947  -0.2483   0.0017   0.0067  -0.5224  -0.0018  -0.0000  -0.0000  
 1.6051E-01|  0.0002   0.0005   0.0672  -0.4639   0.0286   0.2507   0.0097  -0.0461  -0.8451  -0.0128   0.0005   0.0000  
 9.7140E-01| -0.0006   0.0014  -0.0201   0.3457   0.0358   0.9332  -0.0016   0.0102   0.0864  -0.0186   0.0005   0.0000  
 4.3251E+03| -0.0001  -0.0598   0.0017   0.0020   0.0008   0.0202   0.0003  -0.0008  -0.0101   0.9980   0.0000  -0.0000  
 3.8363E+05| -0.0000   0.9982   0.0001  -0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0003   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0004   0.0598   0.0000   0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   2.883e-04  -1.015e+01  -1.187e-03  -6.873e-04   2.383e-05  -2.879e-03  -2.165e-04   4.135e-04   6.895e-03  -8.766e-01  -1.516e-05  -2.023e-07
  -1.015e+01   3.823e+05   2.804e+01  -5.964e+00  -9.711e+00  -1.195e+02   5.251e+00  -8.030e+00  -1.563e+02   2.263e+04   2.799e-01   8.138e-03
  -1.187e-03   2.804e+01   1.572e-02   2.523e-03   4.752e-03   1.222e-01   2.623e-03  -7.085e-03  -9.537e-02   8.925e+00   2.112e-04  -2.880e-07
  -6.873e-04  -5.964e+00   2.523e-03   1.940e-01   1.425e-02   4.676e-01   1.243e-03   3.416e-04  -1.124e-02   8.511e+00   3.761e-04  -1.610e-06
   2.383e-05  -9.711e+00   4.752e-03   1.425e-02   4.826e-03   1.078e-01   8.424e-04  -2.360e-03  -3.013e-02   2.908e+00   1.085e-04  -3.774e-07
  -2.879e-03  -1.195e+02   1.222e-01   4.676e-01   1.078e-01   2.658e+00   2.218e-02  -5.759e-02  -7.834e-01   8.034e+01   2.783e-03  -8.338e-06
  -2.165e-04   5.251e+00   2.623e-03   1.243e-03   8.424e-04   2.218e-02   4.447e-04  -1.167e-03  -1.608e-02   1.546e+00   3.714e-05   3.034e-08
   4.135e-04  -8.030e+00  -7.085e-03   3.416e-04  -2.360e-03  -5.759e-02  -1.167e-03   3.309e-03   4.398e-02  -3.822e+00  -9.494e-05  -2.751e-09
   6.895e-03  -1.563e+02  -9.537e-02  -1.124e-02  -3.013e-02  -7.834e-01  -1.608e-02   4.398e-02   6.372e-01  -5.299e+01  -1.322e-03  -1.067e-06
  -8.766e-01   2.263e+04   8.925e+00   8.511e+00   2.908e+00   8.034e+01   1.546e+00  -3.822e+00  -5.299e+01   5.678e+03   1.336e-01   1.506e-04
  -1.516e-05   2.799e-01   2.112e-04   3.761e-04   1.085e-04   2.783e-03   3.714e-05  -9.494e-05  -1.322e-03   1.336e-01   3.717e-06  -6.641e-09
  -2.023e-07   8.138e-03  -2.880e-07  -1.610e-06  -3.774e-07  -8.338e-06   3.034e-08  -2.751e-09  -1.067e-06   1.506e-04  -6.641e-09   3.879e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.551190     +/-  1.69780E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                3377.12      +/-  618.281      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.85859      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      423.338      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.27724      +/-  0.125388     
   8    5   relxill    Index1              5.49240      +/-  0.440463     
   9    5   relxill    Index2              5.49240      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.570547     +/-  6.94700E-02  
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      41.1547      +/-  1.63033      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.85859      +/-  2.10881E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.31480      +/-  5.75237E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 5.77054      +/-  0.798241     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      423.338      +/-  75.3535      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                2.42709E-02  +/-  1.92796E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972140     +/-  6.22814E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.551190     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                3377.12      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.85859      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      423.338      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.27724      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              5.49240      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              5.49240      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.570547     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      41.1547      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.85859      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.31480      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 5.77054      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      423.338      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                2.42709E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  342.11     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  345.54     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           687.65     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  687.65     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 5.60e-06 with 532 degrees of freedom
***Warning: New best fit found, fit parameters will be set to new values.
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
682.448      6.02865      -2      0.520665       4281.56       2.51517       6.19945      0.689467       45.2312       1.91398       3.22292       4.67778       1000.00     0.0330553      0.972145
682.43       25.2124      -2      0.520711       4278.19       2.51549       6.22002      0.691278       45.2954       1.91406       3.22279       4.67836       1000.00     0.0331134      0.972145
682.418      301.16       -1      0.520722       4278.14       2.51551       6.22148      0.691521       45.3020       1.91406       3.22275       4.67819       1000.00     0.0331179      0.972144
682.41       264.556      -1      0.520733       4277.88       2.51552       6.22257      0.691731       45.3082       1.91407       3.22272       4.67813       1000.00     0.0331226      0.972144
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 2.0304E-09|  0.0446   0.0000   0.0414  -0.0004  -0.0084  -0.0002  -0.2134   0.0612  -0.0024  -0.0000   0.9706   0.0695  
 1.6914E-07| -0.4597  -0.0000   0.0468   0.0001   0.0062   0.0002  -0.8531  -0.1619  -0.0120   0.0000  -0.1636   0.0752  
 3.7604E-07|  0.2223   0.0000   0.0207   0.0001   0.0045  -0.0001  -0.0255   0.0500  -0.0034   0.0000  -0.0892   0.9690  
 5.6690E-07|  0.8420   0.0000   0.0735   0.0010   0.0301  -0.0013  -0.4591   0.0813  -0.0142   0.0000  -0.1316  -0.2233  
 7.3116E-06|  0.1583   0.0000  -0.3363   0.0148   0.2047  -0.0120   0.0555  -0.8993   0.0367   0.0000   0.0760   0.0249  
 2.0561E-05| -0.0563  -0.0000   0.1151   0.0354   0.9751  -0.0399   0.0122   0.1692  -0.0353   0.0000  -0.0018  -0.0028  
 2.9576E-04|  0.0138   0.0000   0.9185   0.0476  -0.0546  -0.0038   0.1096  -0.3506  -0.1263  -0.0002   0.0058  -0.0014  
 9.4183E-03|  0.0014  -0.0000   0.1380  -0.0559   0.0242   0.0312  -0.0047  -0.0075   0.9880   0.0003  -0.0038  -0.0000  
 8.0871E-02| -0.0019  -0.0002  -0.0325   0.9173  -0.0469  -0.3871  -0.0063   0.0237   0.0700   0.0006  -0.0013  -0.0000  
 1.0752E+00| -0.0001  -0.0013   0.0138  -0.3896  -0.0241  -0.9205   0.0013  -0.0045   0.0056   0.0036  -0.0006  -0.0000  
 4.3916E+05|  0.0000   0.3793  -0.0001  -0.0009  -0.0001  -0.0037  -0.0000   0.0000   0.0004  -0.9253  -0.0000   0.0000  
 1.2862E+06| -0.0000   0.9253   0.0000   0.0000   0.0000   0.0002   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0001   0.3793   0.0000   0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   4.334e-04  -2.181e+01  -9.370e-04  -1.024e-03   4.717e-06  -3.922e-03  -2.591e-04   3.061e-04   2.927e-03  -8.971e+00  -5.008e-05  -2.801e-07
  -2.181e+01   1.164e+06   3.227e+01  -1.025e+02  -1.601e+01  -4.179e+02   8.364e+00  -7.892e+00  -8.378e+01   2.973e+05   1.197e+00   1.548e-02
  -9.370e-04   3.227e+01   6.482e-03   2.961e-02   3.688e-03   1.461e-01   1.769e-03  -2.792e-03  -2.055e-02   5.683e+01   4.235e-04  -2.794e-07
  -1.024e-03  -1.025e+02   2.961e-02   5.807e-01   4.439e-02   1.817e+00   1.062e-02  -1.524e-02  -1.524e-01   3.802e+02   3.376e-03  -2.270e-06
   4.717e-06  -1.601e+01   3.688e-03   4.439e-02   4.936e-03   1.832e-01   1.194e-03  -1.950e-03  -1.635e-02   3.932e+01   3.590e-04  -2.523e-07
  -3.922e-03  -4.179e+02   1.461e-01   1.817e+00   1.832e-01   7.029e+00   4.762e-02  -7.536e-02  -6.553e-01   1.593e+03   1.413e-02  -8.307e-06
  -2.591e-04   8.364e+00   1.769e-03   1.062e-02   1.194e-03   4.762e-02   5.181e-04  -7.977e-04  -6.564e-03   1.689e+01   1.301e-04   5.673e-08
   3.061e-04  -7.892e+00  -2.792e-03  -1.524e-02  -1.950e-03  -7.536e-02  -7.977e-04   1.291e-03   9.943e-03  -2.539e+01  -2.006e-04  -3.512e-08
   2.927e-03  -8.378e+01  -2.055e-02  -1.524e-01  -1.635e-02  -6.553e-01  -6.564e-03   9.943e-03   9.283e-02  -2.149e+02  -1.721e-03  -6.493e-07
  -8.971e+00   2.973e+05   5.683e+01   3.802e+02   3.932e+01   1.593e+03   1.689e+01  -2.539e+01  -2.149e+02   5.610e+05   4.289e+00   2.067e-03
  -5.008e-05   1.197e+00   4.235e-04   3.376e-03   3.590e-04   1.413e-02   1.301e-04  -2.006e-04  -1.721e-03   4.289e+00   3.464e-05  -1.450e-09
  -2.801e-07   1.548e-02  -2.794e-07  -2.270e-06  -2.523e-07  -8.307e-06   5.673e-08  -3.512e-08  -6.493e-07   2.067e-03  -1.450e-09   3.879e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.520733     +/-  2.08171E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                4277.88      +/-  1079.06      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91407      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.000     = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.51552      +/-  8.05132E-02  
   8    5   relxill    Index1              6.22257      +/-  0.762013     
   9    5   relxill    Index2              6.22257      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.691731     +/-  7.02536E-02  
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      45.3082      +/-  2.65113      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.91407      +/-  2.27609E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.22272      +/-  3.59317E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 4.67813      +/-  0.304676     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.000     +/-  748.996      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                3.31226E-02  +/-  5.88529E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972144     +/-  6.22820E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.520733     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                4277.88      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91407      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.000     = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.51552      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              6.22257      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              6.22257      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.691731     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      45.3082      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.91407      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.22272      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 4.67813      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.000     = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                3.31226E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  337.56     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  344.85     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           682.41     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  682.41     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 1.04e-05 with 532 degrees of freedom
***Warning: New best fit found, fit parameters will be set to new values.
Apparent non-monotonicity in statistic space detected.
Current bracket values 0.691731, 0.596995
and delta stat 0, 3.45192
but latest trial 0.621033 gives 3.49642
Suggest that you check this result using the steppar command.
                                   Parameters
Chi-Squared  |beta|/N    Lvl         3:Tin        4:norm        7:norm      8:Index1          11:a       12:Incl      16:gamma      17:logxi        18:Afe       19:Ecut       21:norm     22:factor
681.964      0.981312      4      0.564018       2525.45       2.50233       7.61735      0.807340       50.3371       1.91563       3.20462       4.52607       1000.00     0.0375577      0.972119
681.964      0.981311      9      0.564018       2525.45       2.50233       7.61735      0.807340       50.3371       1.91563       3.20462       4.52607       1000.00     0.0375577      0.972119
==========================================================================================
 Variances and Principal Axes
                 3        4        7        8       11       12       16       17       18       19       21       22  
 2.5073E-09|  0.0494   0.0000   0.0459  -0.0003  -0.0168  -0.0002  -0.2360   0.0690  -0.0029  -0.0000   0.9637   0.0775  
 1.8183E-07| -0.4678  -0.0000   0.0398  -0.0002   0.0033   0.0001  -0.8439  -0.1818  -0.0116   0.0000  -0.1761   0.0568  
 3.7723E-07| -0.1739  -0.0000  -0.0188   0.0001  -0.0088   0.0001   0.0196  -0.0473   0.0032  -0.0000   0.0965  -0.9785  
 6.3627E-07|  0.8393   0.0000   0.0807   0.0003   0.0764  -0.0020  -0.4643   0.1067  -0.0158   0.0000  -0.1524  -0.1809  
 4.1949E-06| -0.0129   0.0000   0.1094  -0.0169  -0.9292   0.0237  -0.0540   0.3422  -0.0043  -0.0000  -0.0573  -0.0147  
 8.4314E-06| -0.2087  -0.0000   0.3288  -0.0002   0.3589  -0.0050  -0.0360   0.8435  -0.0443  -0.0000  -0.0664  -0.0207  
 3.1207E-04|  0.0164   0.0000   0.9207   0.0439  -0.0263  -0.0132   0.1091  -0.3456  -0.1337  -0.0002   0.0060  -0.0013  
 8.8025E-03| -0.0015   0.0000  -0.1431   0.0279  -0.0111  -0.0358   0.0049   0.0086  -0.9885  -0.0003   0.0043   0.0000  
 1.0541E-01|  0.0016   0.0005   0.0343  -0.9202   0.0221   0.3859   0.0062  -0.0224  -0.0453  -0.0006   0.0014   0.0000  
 3.3941E+00|  0.0006   0.0043  -0.0076   0.3875   0.0159   0.9214  -0.0006   0.0008  -0.0215  -0.0049   0.0007   0.0000  
 2.7379E+05|  0.0000  -0.9028   0.0000   0.0017   0.0001   0.0057   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0003   0.4301   0.0000  -0.0000  
 6.4048E+05| -0.0000   0.4301   0.0001   0.0007   0.0000   0.0025   0.0000  -0.0000  -0.0003   0.9028   0.0000   0.0000  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

================================================================================================================================================
  Covariance Matrix
        1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8           9          10          11          12   
   5.068e-04  -1.291e+01  -9.196e-04   5.522e-03   3.271e-04   1.618e-02  -2.368e-04   1.943e-04   1.917e-03  -8.268e+00  -3.390e-05  -2.896e-07
  -1.291e+01   3.416e+05   1.587e+01  -2.317e+02  -1.376e+01  -7.352e+02   3.843e+00  -1.117e+00  -1.709e+01   1.424e+05   1.562e-01   7.546e-03
  -9.196e-04   1.587e+01   7.659e-03   5.118e-02   3.485e-03   2.073e-01   2.030e-03  -3.329e-03  -2.470e-02   6.283e+01   5.686e-04  -1.154e-07
   5.522e-03  -2.317e+02   5.118e-02   1.676e+00   8.245e-02   4.897e+00   1.784e-02  -3.360e-02  -3.243e-01   5.907e+02   7.762e-03  -1.218e-06
   3.271e-04  -1.376e+01   3.485e-03   8.245e-02   4.680e-03   2.707e-01   1.116e-03  -2.179e-03  -1.890e-02   3.486e+01   4.526e-04  -8.734e-08
   1.618e-02  -7.352e+02   2.073e-01   4.897e+00   2.707e-01   1.577e+01   6.664e-02  -1.276e-01  -1.124e+00   2.101e+03   2.671e-02  -4.084e-06
  -2.368e-04   3.843e+00   2.030e-03   1.784e-02   1.116e-03   6.664e-02   5.720e-04  -9.318e-04  -7.631e-03   1.793e+01   1.697e-04   1.079e-07
   1.943e-04  -1.117e+00  -3.329e-03  -3.360e-02  -2.179e-03  -1.276e-01  -9.318e-04   1.633e-03   1.276e-02  -2.849e+01  -2.912e-04  -8.825e-08
   1.917e-03  -1.709e+01  -2.470e-02  -3.243e-01  -1.890e-02  -1.124e+00  -7.631e-03   1.276e-02   1.169e-01  -2.400e+02  -2.501e-03  -1.143e-06
  -8.268e+00   1.424e+05   6.283e+01   5.907e+02   3.486e+01   2.101e+03   1.793e+01  -2.849e+01  -2.400e+02   5.726e+05   5.346e+00   3.826e-03
  -3.390e-05   1.562e-01   5.686e-04   7.762e-03   4.526e-04   2.671e-02   1.697e-04  -2.912e-04  -2.501e-03   5.346e+00   5.659e-05   1.233e-08
  -2.896e-07   7.546e-03  -1.154e-07  -1.218e-06  -8.734e-08  -4.084e-06   1.079e-07  -8.825e-08  -1.143e-06   3.826e-03   1.233e-08   3.879e-07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================
Model constant<1>*TBabs<2>(diskbb<3> + cutoffpl<4> + relxill<5>) Source No.: 1   Active/On
Model Model Component  Parameter  Unit     Value
 par  comp
                           Data group: 1
   1    1   constant   factor              1.00000      frozen
   2    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     frozen
   3    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.564018     +/-  2.25113E-02  
   4    3   diskbb     norm                2525.45      +/-  584.491      
   5    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91563      = p16
   6    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.00      = p19
   7    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.50233      +/-  8.75159E-02  
   8    5   relxill    Index1              7.61735      +/-  1.29471      
   9    5   relxill    Index2              7.61735      = p8
  10    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      frozen
  11    5   relxill    a                   0.807340     +/-  6.84121E-02  
  12    5   relxill    Incl       deg      50.3371      +/-  3.97152      
  13    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     frozen
  14    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      frozen
  15    5   relxill    z                   0.0          frozen
  16    5   relxill    gamma               1.91563      +/-  2.39161E-02  
  17    5   relxill    logxi               3.20462      +/-  4.04046E-02  
  18    5   relxill    Afe                 4.52607      +/-  0.341924     
  19    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.00      +/-  756.720      
  20    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     frozen
  21    5   relxill    norm                3.75577E-02  +/-  7.52257E-03  
                           Data group: 2
  22    1   constant   factor              0.972119     +/-  6.22793E-04  
  23    2   TBabs      nH         10^22    0.600000     = p2
  24    3   diskbb     Tin        keV      0.564018     = p3
  25    3   diskbb     norm                2525.45      = p4
  26    4   cutoffpl   PhoIndex            1.91563      = p5
  27    4   cutoffpl   HighECut   keV      1000.00      = p6
  28    4   cutoffpl   norm                2.50233      = p7
  29    5   relxill    Index1              7.61735      = p8
  30    5   relxill    Index2              7.61735      = p9
  31    5   relxill    Rbr                 15.0000      = p10
  32    5   relxill    a                   0.807340     = p11
  33    5   relxill    Incl       deg      50.3371      = p12
  34    5   relxill    Rin                 -1.00000     = p13
  35    5   relxill    Rout                400.000      = p14
  36    5   relxill    z                   0.0          = p15
  37    5   relxill    gamma               1.91563      = p16
  38    5   relxill    logxi               3.20462      = p17
  39    5   relxill    Afe                 4.52607      = p18
  40    5   relxill    Ecut       keV      1000.00      = p19
  41    5   relxill    refl_frac           -1.00000     = p20
  42    5   relxill    norm                3.75577E-02  = p21
________________________________________________________________________


Fit statistic  : Chi-Squared                  338.28     using 271 bins, spectrum 1, group 1.
                 Chi-Squared                  343.68     using 273 bins, spectrum 2, group 2.
Total fit statistic                           681.96     with 532 d.o.f.

Test statistic : Chi-Squared                  681.96     using 544 bins.
 Null hypothesis probability of 1.09e-05 with 532 degrees of freedom
***Warning: New best fit found, fit parameters will be set to new values.
    11     0.638479     0.887005    (-0.168861,0.0796647)
ax = plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=2, naddmodel=3, delchi=False)

ax[0].set_ylim(1e-1, 30.0)
Plot command list is now empty
(0.1, 30.0)
../_images/f8265c97d3e3a45225c0d97e8468062974ffb99d9535c2c148bb7acaf0206f8d.svg
ax = plot_eeuf_ra(nspec=2, naddmodel=3, delchi=True)

ax[0].set_ylim(1e-1, 30.0)
Plot command list is now empty
(0.1, 30.0)
../_images/c3b0af836a86763b62b55fe15d184f59c8f344729be18c6aa888e269ba54cb0a.svg
# An easier way to make plot

xspec.Plot.commands = ()
xspec.Plot.device="/svg"
#xspec.Plot.addCommand("log y")
xspec.Plot("eeuf ra")
Plot command list is now empty
../_images/7efd1d19838fb71c1e5c78eca26ec65f0fda08ebe6fa5013c15044fbd2560245.svg

Some advice#

Note that this tutorial only gives an minimal example of reflection fitting. It has no guarantee that the results shown here is the final best-fit. Due to the complexity of reflection models, the fitting can easily be traped in local minimums.

It is recommended to run steppar on each parameter or even pairs of parameters to check for lower minimums. Running error command sometimes also helps to find better fit.

Some guidelines to assess a fitting:

  1. Are there any residuals in the ratio plot?

  2. Are all parameters constrained? How are the parameters degenerated, e.g., MCMC simulation?

  3. Are the parameters physically acceptable?

  4. Are the parameters consistent with literature? If not, why?

  5. Are the results model-dependent? For example, if changing flavors of the reflection model, how does the parameters change?